Negara atau wilayah | Survei 2001 | Survei 2002 | Survei 2003 | Survei 2004 | Survei 2006[1] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indeks | Ranking | Indeks | Ranking | Indeks | Ranking | Indeks | Ranking | Indeks | Ranking | |
Afganistan | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.5 | 117/159 | – | – |
Albania | – | – | 2.5 | 81/102 | 2.5 | 92/133 | 2.4 | 126/159 | 2.6 | 111/163 |
Aljazair | – | – | – | – | 2.6 | 88/133 | 2.8 | 97/159 | 3.1 | 84/163 |
Angola | – | – | 1.7 | 98/102 | 1.8 | 124/133 | 2.0 | 151/159 | 2.2 | 142/163 |
Argentina | 3.5 | 57/91 | 2.8 | 70/102 | 2.5 | 92/133 | 2.8 | 97/159 | 2.9 | 93/163 |
Armenia | – | – | – | – | 3.0 | 78/133 | 2.9 | 88/159 | 2.9 | 93/163 |
Australia | 8.5 | 11/91 | 8.6 | 11/102 | 8.8 | 8/133 | 8.8 | 9/159 | 8.7 | 9/163 |
Austria | 7.8 | 15/91 | 7.8 | 15/102 | 8.0 | 14/133 | 8.7 | 10/159 | 8.6 | 11/163 |
Azerbaijan | 2.0 | 84/91 | 2.0 | 95/102 | 1.8 | 124/133 | 2.2 | 137/159 | 2.4 | 130/163 |
Bahrain | – | – | – | – | 6.1 | 27/133 | 5.8 | 36/159 | 5.7 | 36/163 |
Bangladesh | 0.4 | 91/91 | 1.2 | 102/102 | 1.3 | 133/133 | 1.7 | 158/159 | 2.0 | 156/163 |
Barbados | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.9 | 24/159 | 6.7 | 24/163 |
Belarusia | – | – | 4.8 | 36/102 | 4.2 | 53/133 | 2.6 | 107/159 | 2.1 | 151/163 |
Belgia | 6.6 | 24/91 | 7.1 | 20/102 | 7.6 | 17/133 | 7.4 | 19/159 | 7.3 | 20/163 |
Belize | – | – | – | – | 4.5 | 46/133 | 3.7 | 62/159 | 3.5 | 66/163 |
Benin | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.9 | 88/159 | 2.5 | 121/163 |
Bhutan | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.0 | 32/163 |
Bolivia | 2.0 | 84/91 | 2.2 | 89/102 | 2.3 | 106/133 | 2.5 | 117/159 | 2.7 | 105/163 |
Bosnia-Herzegovina | – | – | – | – | 3.3 | 70/133 | 2.9 | 88/159 | 2.9 | 93/163 |
Botswana | 6.0 | 26/91 | 6.4 | 24/102 | 5.7 | 30/133 | 5.9 | 32/159 | 5.6 | 37/163 |
Brazil | 4.0 | 46/91 | 4.0 | 45/102 | 3.9 | 54/133 | 3.7 | 62/159 | 3.3 | 70/163 |
Bulgaria | 3.9 | 47/91 | 4.0 | 45/102 | 3.9 | 54/133 | 4.0 | 55/159 | 4.0 | 57/163 |
Burkina Faso | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.4 | 70/159 | 3.2 | 79/163 |
Burundi | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.3 | 130/159 | 2.4 | 130/163 |
Kamboja | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.3 | 130/159 | 2.1 | 151/163 |
Kamerun | 2.0 | 84/91 | 2.2 | 89/102 | 1.8 | 124/133 | 2.2 | 137/159 | 2.3 | 138/163 |
Kanada | 8.9 | 7/91 | 9.0 | 7/102 | 8.7 | 11/133 | 8.4 | 14/159 | 8.5 | 14/163 |
Republik Afrika Tengah | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.4 | 130/163 |
Chad | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.7 | 158/159 | 2.0 | 156/163 |
Chili | 7.5 | 18/91 | 7.5 | 17/102 | 7.4 | 20/133 | 7.3 | 21/159 | 7.3 | 20/163 |
Republik Rakyat Cina | 3.5 | 57/91 | 3.5 | 59/102 | 3.4 | 66/133 | 3.2 | 78/159 | 3.3 | 70/163 |
Republik Cina | 5.9 | 27/91 | 5.6 | 29/102 | 5.7 | 30/133 | 5.9 | 32/159 | 5.9 | 34/163 |
Kolombia | 3.8 | 50/91 | 3.6 | 57/102 | 3.7 | 59/133 | 4.0 | 55/159 | 3.9 | 59/163 |
Kosta Rika | 4.5 | 40/91 | 4.5 | 40/102 | 4.3 | 50/133 | 4.2 | 51/159 | 4.1 | 55/163 |
Pantai Gading | – | – | – | – | 2.1 | 118/133 | 1.9 | 152/159 | 2.1 | 151/163 |
Kroasia | 3.9 | 47/91 | 3.8 | 51/102 | 3.7 | 59/133 | 3.4 | 70/159 | 3.4 | 69/163 |
Kuba | – | – | – | – | 4.6 | 43/133 | 3.8 | 59/159 | 3.5 | 66/163 |
Siprus | – | – | – | – | 6.1 | 27/133 | 5.7 | 37/159 | 5.6 | 37/163 |
Republik Ceko | 3.9 | 47/91 | 3.7 | 52/102 | 3.9 | 54/133 | 4.3 | 47/159 | 4.8 | 46/163 |
Republik Demokrasi Kongo | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.1 | 144/159 | 2.0 | 156/163 |
Denmark | 9.5 | 2/91 | 9.5 | 2/102 | 9.5 | 3/133 | 9.5 | 4/159 | 9.5 | 4/163 |
Dominika | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4.5 | 53/163 |
Republik Dominika | – | – | – | – | 3.3 | 70/133 | 3.0 | 85/159 | 2.8 | 99/163 |
Ekuador | 2.3 | 79/91 | 2.2 | 89/102 | 2.2 | 113/133 | 2.3 | 138/159 | 2.3 | 138/163 |
Mesir | 3.6 | 54/91 | 3.4 | 62/102 | 3.3 | 70/133 | 3.4 | 70/159 | 3.3 | 70/163 |
El Salvador | 3.6 | 54/91 | 3.4 | 62/102 | 3.7 | 59/133 | 4.2 | 51/159 | 4.0 | 57/163 |
Guinea Khatulistiwa | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.9 | 152/159 | 2.1 | 151/163 |
Eritrea | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.6 | 107/159 | 2.9 | 93/163 |
Estonia | 5.6 | 28/91 | 5.6 | 29/102 | 5.5 | 33/133 | 6.4 | 27/159 | 6.7 | 24/163 |
Ethiopia | – | – | 3.5 | 59/102 | 2.5 | 92/133 | 2.2 | 137/159 | 2.4 | 130/163 |
Fiji | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4.0 | 55/159 | – | – |
Finlandia | 9.9 | 1/91 | 9.7 | 1/102 | 9.7 | 1/133 | 9.6 | 2/159 | 9.6 | 1/163 |
Perancis | 6.7 | 23/91 | 6.3 | 25/102 | 6.9 | 23/133 | 7.5 | 18/159 | 7.4 | 18/163 |
Gabon | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.9 | 88/159 | 3.0 | 90/163 |
Gambia | – | – | – | – | 2.5 | 92/133 | 2.7 | 103/159 | 2.5 | 121/163 |
Georgia | – | – | 2.4 | 85/102 | 1.8 | 124/133 | 2.3 | 130/159 | 2.8 | 99/163 |
Jerman | 7.4 | 20/91 | 7.3 | 18/102 | 7.7 | 16/133 | 8.2 | 16/159 | 8.0 | 16/163 |
Ghana | 3.4 | 59/91 | 3.9 | 50/102 | 3.3 | 70/133 | 3.5 | 65/159 | 3.3 | 70/163 |
Yunani | 4.2 | 42/91 | 4.2 | 44/102 | 4.3 | 50/133 | 4.3 | 47/159 | 4.4 | 54/163 |
Grenada | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.5 | 66/163 |
Guatemala | 2.9 | 65/91 | 2.5 | 81/102 | 2.4 | 100/133 | 2.5 | 117/159 | 2.6 | 111/163 |
Guinea | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.9 | 160/163 |
Guyana | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.5 | 117/159 | 2.5 | 121/163 |
Haiti | – | – | 2.2 | 89/102 | 1.5 | 131/133 | 1.8 | 155/159 | 1.8 | 163/163 |
Honduras | 2.7 | 71/91 | 2.7 | 71/102 | 2.3 | 106/133 | 2.6 | 107/159 | 2.5 | 121/163 |
Hong Kong | 7.9 | 14/91 | 8.2 | 14/102 | 8.0 | 14/133 | 8.3 | 15/159 | 8.3 | 15/163 |
Hongaria | 5.3 | 31/91 | 4.9 | 33/102 | 4.8 | 40/133 | 5.0 | 40/159 | 5.2 | 41/163 |
Islandia | 9.2 | 4/91 | 9.4 | 4/102 | 9.6 | 2/133 | 9.7 | 1/159 | 9.6 | 1/163 |
India | 2.7 | 71/91 | 2.7 | 71/102 | 2.8 | 83/133 | 2.9 | 88/159 | 3.3 | 70/163 |
Indonesia | 1.9 | 88/91 | 1.9 | 96/102 | 1.9 | 122/133 | 2.2 | 137/159 | 2.4 | 130/163 |
Iran | – | – | – | – | 3.0 | 78/133 | 2.9 | 88/159 | 2.7 | 105/163 |
Irak | – | – | – | – | 2.2 | 113/133 | 2.2 | 137/159 | 1.9 | 160/163 |
Irlandia | 7.5 | 18/91 | 6.9 | 23/102 | 7.5 | 18/133 | 7.4 | 19/159 | 7.4 | 18/163 |
Israel | 7.6 | 16/91 | 7.3 | 18/102 | 7.0 | 21/133 | 6.3 | 28/159 | 5.9 | 34/163 |
Itali | 5.5 | 29/91 | 5.2 | 31/102 | 5.3 | 35/133 | 5.0 | 40/159 | 4.9 | 45/163 |
Jamaika | – | – | 4.0 | 45/102 | 3.8 | 57/133 | 3.6 | 64/159 | 3.7 | 61/163 |
Jepang | 7.1 | 21/91 | 7.1 | 20/102 | 7.0 | 21/133 | 7.3 | 21/159 | 7.6 | 17/163 |
Yordania | 4.9 | 37/91 | 4.5 | 40/102 | 4.6 | 43/133 | 5.7 | 37/159 | 5.3 | 40/163 |
Kazakstan | 2.7 | 71/91 | 2.3 | 88/102 | 2.4 | 100/133 | 2.6 | 107/159 | 2.6 | 111/163 |
Kenya | 2.0 | 84/91 | 1.9 | 96/102 | 1.9 | 122/133 | 2.1 | 144/159 | 2.2 | 142/163 |
Kuwait | – | – | – | – | 5.3 | 35/133 | 4.7 | 45/159 | 4.8 | 46/163 |
Kirgizstan | – | – | – | – | 2.1 | 118/133 | 2.3 | 130/159 | – | – |
Laos | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.3 | 77/159 | 2.6 | 111/163 |
Latvia | 3.4 | 59/91 | 3.7 | 52/102 | 3.8 | 57/133 | 4.2 | 51/159 | 4.7 | 49/163 |
Lebanon | – | – | – | – | 3.0 | 78/133 | 3.1 | 83/159 | 3.6 | 63/163 |
Lesotho | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.4 | 70/159 | 3.2 | 79/163 |
Liberia | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.2 | 137/159 | – | – |
Libya | – | – | – | – | 2.1 | 118/133 | 2.5 | 117/159 | 2.7 | 105/163 |
Lithuania | 4.8 | 38/91 | 4.8 | 36/102 | 4.7 | 41/133 | 4.8 | 44/159 | 4.8 | 46/163 |
Luksemburg | 8.7 | 9/91 | 9.0 | 7/102 | 8.7 | 11/133 | 8.5 | 13/159 | 8.6 | 11/163 |
Makau | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.6 | 26/163 |
Republik Makedonia | – | – | – | – | 2.3 | 106/133 | 2.7 | 103/159 | 2.7 | 105/163 |
Madagaskar | – | – | 1.7 | 98/102 | 2.6 | 88/133 | 2.8 | 97/159 | 3.1 | 84/163 |
Malawi | 3.2 | 61/91 | 2.9 | 68/102 | 2.8 | 83/133 | 2.8 | 97/159 | 2.7 | 105/163 |
Malaysia | 5.0 | 36/91 | 4.9 | 33/102 | 5.2 | 37/133 | 5.1 | 39/159 | 5.0 | 44/163 |
Mali | – | – | – | – | 3.0 | 78/133 | 2.9 | 88/159 | 2.8 | 99/163 |
Malta | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.6 | 25/159 | 6.4 | 28/163 |
Mauritania | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.1 | 84/163 |
Mauritius | 4.5 | 40/91 | 4.5 | 40/102 | 4.4 | 48/133 | 4.2 | 51/159 | 5.1 | 42/163 |
Meksiko | 3.7 | 51/91 | 3.6 | 57/102 | 3.6 | 64/133 | 3.5 | 65/159 | 3.3 | 70/163 |
Moldova | 3.1 | 63/91 | 2.1 | 93/102 | 2.4 | 100/133 | 2.9 | 88/159 | 3.2 | 79/163 |
Mongolia | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.0 | 85/159 | 2.8 | 99/163 |
Maroko | – | – | 3.7 | 52/102 | 3.3 | 70/133 | 3.2 | 78/159 | 3.2 | 79/163 |
Mozambik | – | – | – | – | 2.7 | 86/133 | 2.8 | 97/159 | 2.8 | 99/163 |
Myanmar | – | – | – | – | 1.6 | 129/133 | 1.8 | 155/159 | 1.9 | 160/163 |
Namibia | 5.4 | 30/91 | 5.7 | 28/102 | 4.7 | 41/133 | 4.3 | 47/159 | 4.1 | 55/163 |
Nepal | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.5 | 117/159 | 2.5 | 121/163 |
Belanda | 8.8 | 8/91 | 9.0 | 7/102 | 8.9 | 7/133 | 8.6 | 11/159 | 8.7 | 9/163 |
Selandia Baru | 9.4 | 3/91 | 9.5 | 2/102 | 9.5 | 3/133 | 9.6 | 2/159 | 9.6 | 1/163 |
Nikaragua | 2.4 | 77/91 | 2.5 | 81/102 | 2.6 | 88/133 | 2.6 | 107/159 | 2.6 | 111/163 |
Niger | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.4 | 126/159 | 2.3 | 138/163 |
Nigeria | 1.0 | 90/91 | 1.6 | 101/102 | 1.4 | 132/133 | 1.9 | 152/159 | 2.2 | 142/163 |
Norwegia | 8.6 | 10/91 | 8.5 | 12/102 | 8.8 | 8/133 | 8.9 | 8/159 | 8.8 | 8/163 |
Oman | – | – | – | – | 6.3 | 26/133 | 6.3 | 28/159 | 5.4 | 39/163 |
Pakistan | 2.3 | 79/91 | 2.6 | 77/102 | 2.5 | 92/133 | 2.1 | 144/159 | 2.2 | 142/163 |
Palestina | – | – | – | – | 3.0 | 78/133 | 2.6 | 107/159 | – | – |
Panama | 3.7 | 51/91 | 3.0 | 67/102 | 3.4 | 66/133 | 3.5 | 65/159 | 3.1 | 84/163 |
Papua Nugini | – | – | – | – | 2.1 | 118/133 | 2.3 | 130/159 | 2.4 | 130/163 |
Paraguay | – | – | 1.7 | 98/102 | 1.6 | 129/133 | 2.1 | 144/159 | 2.6 | 111/163 |
Peru | 4.1 | 44/91 | 4.0 | 45/102 | 3.7 | 59/133 | 3.5 | 65/159 | 3.3 | 70/163 |
Filipina | 2.9 | 65/91 | 2.6 | 77/102 | 2.5 | 92/133 | 2.5 | 117/159 | 2.5 | 121/163 |
Polandia | 4.1 | 44/91 | 4.0 | 45/102 | 3.6 | 64/133 | 3.4 | 70/159 | 3.7 | 61/163 |
Portugal | 6.3 | 25/91 | 6.3 | 25/102 | 6.6 | 25/133 | 6.5 | 26/159 | 6.6 | 26/163 |
Qatar | – | – | – | – | 5.6 | 32/133 | 5.9 | 32/159 | 6.0 | 32/163 |
Republik Kongo | – | – | – | – | 2.2 | 113/133 | 2.3 | 130/159 | 2.2 | 142/163 |
Rumania | 2.8 | 69/91 | 2.6 | 77/102 | 2.8 | 83/133 | 3.0 | 85/159 | 3.1 | 84/163 |
Russia | 2.3 | 79/91 | 2.7 | 71/102 | 2.7 | 86/133 | 2.4 | 126/159 | 2.5 | 121/163 |
Rwanda | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.1 | 83/159 | 2.5 | 121/163 |
Arab Saudi | – | – | – | – | 4.5 | 46/133 | 3.4 | 70/159 | 3.3 | 70/163 |
Senegal | 2.9 | 65/91 | 3.1 | 66/102 | 3.2 | 76/133 | 3.2 | 78/159 | 3.3 | 70/163 |
Serbia | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.0 | 90/163 |
Serbia dan Montenegro | – | – | – | – | 2.3 | 106/133 | 2.8 | 97/159 | – | – |
Seychelles | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4.0 | 55/159 | 3.6 | 63/163 |
Sierra Leone | – | – | – | – | 2.2 | 113/133 | 2.4 | 126/159 | 2.2 | 142/163 |
Singapura | 9.2 | 4/91 | 9.3 | 5/102 | 9.4 | 5/133 | 9.4 | 5/159 | 9.4 | 5/163 |
Slowakia | – | – | – | – | 3.7 | 59/133 | 4.3 | 47/159 | 4.7 | 49/163 |
Slovenia | 5.2 | 34/91 | 6.0 | 27/102 | 5.9 | 29/133 | 6.1 | 31/159 | 6.4 | 28/163 |
Somalia | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.1 | 144/159 | – | – |
Afrika Selatan | 4.8 | 38/91 | 4.8 | 36/102 | 4.4 | 48/133 | 4.5 | 46/159 | 4.6 | 51/163 |
Korea Selatan | 4.2 | 42/91 | 4.5 | 40/102 | 4.3 | 50/133 | 5.0 | 40/159 | 5.1 | 42/163 |
Spanyol | 7.0 | 22/91 | 7.1 | 20/102 | 6.9 | 23/133 | 7.0 | 23/159 | 6.8 | 23/163 |
Sri Lanka | – | – | 3.7 | 52/102 | 3.4 | 66/133 | 3.2 | 78/159 | 3.1 | 84/163 |
Sudan | – | – | – | – | 2.3 | 106/133 | 2.1 | 144/159 | 2.0 | 156/163 |
Suriname | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.2 | 78/159 | 3.0 | 90/163 |
Swaziland | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.7 | 103/159 | 2.5 | 121/163 |
Swedia | 9.0 | 6/91 | 9.3 | 5/102 | 9.3 | 6/133 | 9.2 | 6/159 | 9.2 | 6/163 |
Swiss | 8.4 | 12/91 | 8.5 | 12/102 | 8.8 | 8/133 | 9.1 | 7/159 | 9.1 | 7/163 |
Suriah | – | – | – | – | 3.4 | 66/133 | 3.4 | 70/159 | 2.9 | 93/163 |
Tajikistan | – | – | – | – | 1.8 | 124/133 | 2.1 | 144/159 | 2.2 | 142/163 |
Tanzania | 2.2 | 82/91 | 2.7 | 71/102 | 2.5 | 92/133 | 2.9 | 88/159 | 2.9 | 93/163 |
Thailand | 3.2 | 61/91 | 3.2 | 64/102 | 3.3 | 70/133 | 3.8 | 59/159 | 3.6 | 63/163 |
Timor Leste | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.6 | 111/163 |
Trinidad and Tobago | – | – | – | – | 4.6 | 43/133 | 3.8 | 59/159 | 3.2 | 79/163 |
Togo | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.4 | 130/163 |
Tunisia | 5.3 | 31/91 | 4.8 | 36/102 | 4.9 | 39/133 | 4.9 | 43/159 | 4.6 | 51/163 |
Turki | 3.6 | 54/91 | 3.2 | 64/102 | 3.1 | 77/133 | 3.5 | 65/159 | 3.8 | 60/163 |
Turkmenistan | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.8 | 155/159 | 2.2 | 142/163 |
Uganda | 1.9 | 88/91 | 2.1 | 93/102 | 2.2 | 113/133 | 2.5 | 117/159 | 2.7 | 105/163 |
Ukraina | 2.1 | 83/91 | 2.4 | 85/102 | 2.3 | 106/133 | 2.6 | 107/159 | 2.8 | 99/163 |
Uni Emirat Arab | – | – | – | – | 5.2 | 37/133 | 6.2 | 30/159 | 6.2 | 31/163 |
Britania Raya | 8.3 | 13/91 | 8.7 | 10/102 | 8.7 | 11/133 | 8.6 | 11/159 | 8.6 | 11/163 |
Amerika Serikat | 7.6 | 16/91 | 7.7 | 16/102 | 7.5 | 18/133 | 7.6 | 17/159 | 7.3 | 20/163 |
Uruguay | 5.1 | 35/91 | 5.1 | 32/102 | 5.5 | 33/133 | 5.9 | 32/159 | 6.4 | 28/163 |
Uzbekistan | 2.7 | 71/91 | 2.9 | 68/102 | 2.4 | 100/133 | 2.2 | 137/159 | 2.1 | 151/163 |
Venezuela | 2.8 | 69/91 | 2.5 | 81/102 | 2.4 | 100/133 | 2.3 | 130/159 | 2.3 | 138/163 |
Vietnam | 2.6 | 75/91 | 2.4 | 85/102 | 2.4 | 100/133 | 2.6 | 107/159 | 2.6 | 111/163 |
Yaman | 2.9 | 65/91 | 2.7 | 71/102 | 2.6 | 88/133 | 2.7 | 103/159 | 2.6 | 111/163 |
Zambia | 2.6 | 75/91 | 2.6 | 77/102 | 2.5 | 92/133 | 2.6 | 107/159 | 2.6 | 111/163 |
Zimbabwe | 2.9 | 65/91 | 2.7 | 71/102 | 2.3 | 106/133 | 2.6 | 107/159 | 2.4 | 130/163 |
Statistik seperti ini belum tentu tepat; statistik dari tahun yang berbeda belum tentu bisa dibandingkan. ICCR sendiri menjelaskan, "...perubahan dari tahun ke tahun di hasil dari satu negara ditimbulkan bukan hanya dari perubahan persepsi terhadap penampilan suatu negara, namun juga dari perubahan sampel dan metodologi. Setiap tahun, beberapa sumber tidak diperbaharui dan harus dihilangkan dari IPK, sementara sumber baru dan terpercaya ditambahkan. Dengan berbeda-bedanya peserta dan metodologi, perubahan skor suatu negara bisa juga berhubungan dengan kenyataan bahwa pandangan-pandangan berbeda telah dikumpulkan dan pertanyaan-pertanyaan berbeda telah diberikan...(walaupun telah ada) reformasi antikorupsi...(atau) penyibakan skandal korupsi terbaru...Adalah sulit untuk memperbaiki IPK skor dalam waktu singkat, seperti dalam dua tahun. IPK adalah berdasarkan dari data selama tiga tahun terakhir (lihat narasumber di bawah). Ini berarti bahwa perubahan dalam persepsi korupsi hanya akan muncul dalam indeks selama waktu yang lebih lama." Mereka pun telah membicarakan bahwa dalam waktu yang lama mereka telah bergeser dari survei publik di suatu negara ke survei para ahli, dan mereka telah meningkatkan jumlah survei para ahli dari negara-negara berkembang tentang persepsi mereka tentang korupsi di negara-negara maju [1]